The Rational Choice and Biological Trait Theories Essay

Criminals have been committing crimes for centuries, and they are always fooling the police detectives and federal agencies sometimes. If the justice departments would actually look at the persons thought processes and reasoning before a crime is committed, the justice departments will be able to answer the reason for the crime. The different departments could possibly figure out why the criminal did what they did in the first. For instance, they should use a couple of criminology theories to help them with certain cases that are more difficult than the rest. The theories that the justice departments should use in their systems are the rational choice and biological theories of criminology. The rational choice theory comes from the†¦show more content†¦For instance, a criminal may find it easier to commit a robbery than commit a burglary and the criminal will stay away from the burglaries due to the consequences that come because of the crime. Rational choice theory can be more behavioral than anything because of the amount of behaviors that are associated in determining whether to commit certain crimes or not (Siegel, 2011). All criminals that use the rational choice theory before they commit their certain crimes does not always understand how to weigh the costs and benefits of certain acts. There will always be some kind of calculation before a rational crime occurs. For example, before a robbery takes place the criminals must first choose the location, place and time that they would like to have for a certain robbery crime. The criminals involved in this certain robbery will weigh the costs and benefits of the crime and then think about the whole situation i tself. When the criminals have finished with their strategy plans they will have a final thought about the punishment for committing such a crime and look at the benefits to see if this is the crime they would really like to try (Siegel, 2011) Rational choice theory involves personal factors or gains that the criminals will use with their motivation towards committing certain criminalShow MoreRelatedRational Choice vs. Trait Theory Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesRational Choice Theory VS. Trait Theory Student Name Criminology : Park University Online Program In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the Rational Choice Theory(s) and the Trait Theory(s). We will start with the history of the two theories and progress toward some of the individual principles in the theories. Next step will be explaining how each theory contributes to criminal behavior. My closing paragraph will concludeRead MoreFour Theories Of Criminology : Seminole State College974 Words   |  4 PagesFour Theories of Criminology Kendy Menelas Seminole State College Author Note Kendy Menelas, Department of English, Seminole State College This research was supported in part by the Federal Pell grant Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Kendy Menelas, Department of English, Seminole State College, Sanford, FL 32773. Contact: kendym@live.seminolestate.edu â€Æ' Abstract This paper summarizes four theories of criminology. Rational choice theory states that criminals act basedRead MoreTheories of Crime Causation: Trait Theory and Rational Choice Theory1377 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Theories of Crime Causation: Trait Theory and Rational Choice Theory Introduction Theories of crime causation get to the fundamental characteristics of human nature. Theories of crime causation can be separated into trait theories and choice theories. Both types of theories make valid points about the causes of crime, yet they are have different implications for preventing the causes of crime. Thesis: Trait theories and choice theories both assume that humans are self-interested, but their conceptionsRead MoreThe Theory Of Routine Activity Theory870 Words   |  4 PagesChoice theory (routine activity) or trait theories (bio social and psychological), which is responsible for more criminal activity? In order to determine which one causes more criminal activity, they each must be defined. Choice Theory (routine activity) Rational choice theory commonly known as choice theory is based off of beliefs from classic criminology, which believe that individuals freely choose their behavior and are motivated by the pursuit of gratification and the attempt to avoid painRead MoreRational Choice Theory Essay1726 Words   |  7 PagesRational choice theory, also known simply as choice theory, is the assessment of a potential offender to commit a crime. Choice theory is the belief that committing a crime is a rational decision, based on cost benefit analysis. The would-be offender will weigh the costs of committing a particular crime: fines, jail time, and imprisonment versus the benefits: money, status, heightened adrenaline. Depending on which factors out-weigh the other, a criminal will decide to commit or forgo committingRead MoreTheories of Crime Causation Essay example1589 Words   |  7 PagesMajor Theories of Crime Causation Robert Lincoln CJ 102-02 Kaplan University August 4, 2013 Major Theories of Crime Causation Various units contain a number of theories that try to explain the causes of crime in the society. The theories have been developed to have an in-depth understanding of the crime and how best they can be addressed to ensure that humans live in a conducive environment. These units and theories have been around and in use from as early as the twentieth century. OverRead MoreEssay Biological Explanations of Criminal Behaviour1357 Words   |  6 PagesCrime theories are still in a development stage; it is an evolutionary process that continues to this day. Crime is still a complex and misunderstood phenomenon with no concrete evidence when it comes to human behavior. Throughout time there have been endless amounts of crime theories, few of which revolve around biological explanations. We have Cesare Lombroso and the Positive School who thought that criminals were genetically different from the rest of the general population, that they were biologicallyRead MorePositivist Criminolo gy And The German School Of Three Scholars : Cesare Lombroso, Enrico Ferri And Raffaele Garofalo Essay1235 Words   |  5 Pagesthat crime was a non-rational product of under socialisation and could be studied, via clinical and statistical methods, in the same way scientists studied the natural world (McLaughlin, Muncie Hughes, 2003). The Italian School maintained that criminality had multi-factor explanations. The explanation for criminality was seen as a non-social defect of individuals (Maguire, Morgan Reiner, 2002) and one of the early explanations of crime prioritised in positivism were biological causes (McLaughlinRead MoreDeterrence And Rational Choice : The Criminal Justice System And Crime Prevention1196 Words   |  5 PagesDeterrence or rational choice, which one is the better, or should I say wiser theory to follow when it comes to the criminal justice system and crime prevention. Using extreme capacitation (Deterrence) can be an effective punishment for many in our society, however, there will still be a small portion of our society that will still commit crimes. The majority of the society would use good-ole common sense (Rational Choice) and not commit crimes in the first place. DISCUSSION: Deterrence and Rational ChoiceRead MoreThe Rational Choice Theory1728 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity, CJ102 Criminology Unit Five Midterm Project The Rational Choice theory approach has been used by social and political scientists to put some type of meaning of why humans behave in a certain way. In recent years, rational choice theory has been widely used in other disciplines such as sociology, political science, and anthropology. It has gained influence in politics and sociology over the past thirty years. This choice theory stressed the role of knowledgeable self interest in the decision

The Moral Obligation Of An Affluent Lifestyle Without...

We are now going to unravel Singer’s arguments for our moral obligation to give to others. He first compares allowing the absolute poverty to suffer to what some suggest is the equivalence to murder. An example given in the passage is a person who lives an affluent lifestyle that does not contribute to the poor might as well shoot some ‘peasants’ in India because the actions are equivalent. Singer would argue that this verdict is too harsh and evidently this big question of moral obligation should be taking a new approach. But first let exam why living an affluent lifestyle without saving life is not equal to intentional murder. I think that these five points made by Singer provide grounds for dismal of Zell claiming we are murders for not donating a kidney. The first point he makes exams the motivation behind murder. A murderer typically is sadistic with intentions of causing harm onto another being. Zell’s wife (who did not approve of his kidney donatio n) is what Singer would define as selfish if anything, but not comparable to a murderer. Second, the avoidance of killing asks less of us than making change to our standard lifestyle. Since there is a law in place for murder it is easier to avoid. However, giving the money that we live comfortably on to save others is necessary to do, but we do not have to give money away to kill someone. This makes a considerable difference in which these two actions morally weigh out. Third, when shooting someone death or injury isShow MoreRelatedPeter Singers Argument in Famine, Affluence and Morality1500 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores Peter Singer’s argument, in Famine, Affluence, and Morality, that we have morally required obligations to those in need. 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As Singer puts it, â€Å"The way people in affluent countries react ... cannot be justified; indeed the whole way we look at moral issues-our moral conceptual scheme-needs to be altered and with itRead More Famine, Affluence, and Morality Essay2027 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality,† Peter Singer is trying to argue that â€Å"the way people in relatively affluent countries react to a situation†¦ cannot be justified; indeed,†¦ our moral conceptual scheme needs to be altered and with it, the way of life that has come to be taken for granted in our society†(Singer 230). Peter Singer provides striking examples to show the reader how realistic his arguments are. In this paper, I will briefly give a summary ofRead MoreEnvironment: Energy Development and Environmental Problems11602 Words   |  47 Pagesin solving the environmental problems. 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Charles Darwin Survival Of The Fittest Meaning Essay Example For Students

Charles Darwin Survival Of The Fittest Meaning Essay Natural Selection to Survival of the FittestCharles Darwin felt strongly that observations made on large scale explorations such as his voyage on the Beagle showed conclusively that many clearly different organisms, animals as well as plants, were related to one another buy some unknown law. In other words Darwin was trying to prove that evolution existed. However Darwin does outline how a purely natural process of selection could produce similar effects, and thus explain the development of new species without reference to supernatural intervention. Taking that into consideration, I believe that by Natural Selection Darwin is trying to portray the struggle for existence and adaptation for survival among living things. With Natural Selection, Darwin used this term to explain the casual mechanism, which is responsible for the operation of his theory. He would go about and abandon his term in favor of the term Survival of the Fittest. Although he received criticism from so many of his peers for using Natural Selection, the term is quite important because virtually all biologists used it as the explanation for the mechanism. A main reason why Natural Selection was not very popular was because evolution requires enormously long periods of time, that the everyday experience of human beings provides them with no ability to interpret such histories. Looking at Darwins position, Survival of the Fittest had a great meaning on the struggle for existence and Darwins emphasis on abundance. First looking at Survival of the fittest, its a phrase that describes the outcome of a competition where there is no possibility of predicting the outcome in advance because of the complexity of the conditions of the competition. It describes only the effect or outcome of an event by its very nature and regardless of the situation in which it is used. For example, if it were used to describe the outcome of an auto race such as the Nascar, using the term, It will be survival of the fittest would indicate that the victor would be unknown until the end of the race. Similarly, if discussing the survival of a business in a collapsing economy or perhaps the survival of a race of people during fierce wars would indicate that nothing would be known about the outcome until the end of the particular event. Secondly Survival of the Fittest was used extensively because it was a better, more descriptive, explanation of the mechanism of which evolution occurred. The term contains an implicit assum ption that survivors are an improved form of organism compared to those, which do not survive. Although intelligence is a key to improvements it is not however true for the field of biological reproduction. There is no human intelligence available to weed out the defectives and alter the process toward a more desirable end. As more individuals are produced that can possibly survive, there must in every case be a struggle for existence, either one individual with another of the same species, or with the individuals of distinct species, or with physical conditions of life. Keeping that in mind, I came upon one of the greatest mysteries of biological history, the vanishing of the dinosaurs. Here Survival of the Fittest plays a routine role because the fittest were some form of bacteria. Does that mean that the smaller the organism the more chances of it to survive? A look at the fossil record shows that 99.99% of the survivors were simpler organisms and the survivors that we know of to day are not the 0.01% of survivors that are more fit from a complexity standpoint and thus prove the methodology of the theory. So what does the term fittest mean? It is speculated that the term fittest refers to an organism which has the best capability for acquiring and using all the available nutrients, all while developing or having a capability of fending off physical threats to its existence. However this concept would indeed be an explanation for a certain type of organism. For example, there are many coral deposits throughout the world, some which are immense in size such as the body coral, which is currently in Florida. Unfortunately marine coral is really not an organism, but rather a collection of organisms. Since there are really no such organisms in existence as described above, it must be concluded that this is not what the fittest is, in the sense of Darwins meaning. The term fittest as contained in Survival of the Fittest can only be construed as the organism fitter than other members of organisms falling into a special group. This is consistent with the descriptions used by Darwin and also used by most evolutionists in the explanation offered for the mechanism of evolution. A quick look in the animal kingdom shows the rapidly reproducing Fruit Fly, with a serious deficiency that being the inability to penetrate the skin of even the thinnest of fruit, and thus release the sugars which begin the process which produces their food. These mechanisms are available in thousands of organisms, both in the animal and vegetable kingdoms. Many mechanisms such as in the mosquito, stingers, bee/wasp, or a dissolving fluid such as produced by other insects abound in nature. It is inexplicable in the Darwinian sense, that some advice or method of doing this would fail to be developed over the past eons of their existence. It must be concluded that while they are survivors, they are not the fittest. This leads to the fact that Darwins theory has not explained the existing spectrum of living organisms either in the initial development from the mineral state or in the highly developed state in which it exists today. .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256 , .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256 .postImageUrl , .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256 , .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256:hover , .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256:visited , .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256:active { border:0!important; } .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256:active , .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256 .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u26809b67cd0bde918f4f3c346e77d256:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Prostitution: Should It Be Legal? EssayIn conclusion, Darwin stresses that nothing is easier than to admit in words the truth of the universal struggle for life. Darwin also points that in looking at Nature, it is most necessary to never forget that every single organic being around us may be said to be striving to the utmost increase in numbers. He says that each lives by a struggle at some period of its life: that heavy destruction inevitably falls either on young or old, during each generation or at a recurrent intervals. We behold the fact of nature bright with gladness, we often see superabundance of food, and that the birds which are idly singing round us mostly live on insects or seeds and thus constantly destroying life. Darwin makes it clear that the structure of every organic being is related, in the most essential yet often hidden manner, to that of all other organic beings, with which it comes into competition for food or residence and from which it has to escape, or on which it preys. This is obvious in the structure of the teeth and talons of the tiger, and in that of the legs and claws of the parasite, which clings to the hair on the tigers body. After looking at all the examples it turns out that this is an unabated belief system which underlies the study of all the physical sciences. The most important of these beliefs is that all phenomena in the universe are capable of being measured or acknowledged, by one of the five senses of man. It ought to be noted that to evolutionists, there is no objection to philosophy being a part of science and the fact that it is absolutely unthinkable to them that religion be a part of it only shows a bias of the same sort that keeps Darwins theory alive. But we must not forget that neither philosophy nor religion is a proper consideration of the physical sciences and the theory of Charles Darwin. At last I must say this was a fascinating project and for years to come Darwins theory will explore many questions of nature and survival that are not yet cleared and will solve many mysteries that we have not solved. Bibliography:

Rap as a Bad Influence free essay sample

Over the course of the one-year study, they were: Three times more likely to hit a teacher Over 2. 5 times more likely to get arrested Twice as likely to have multiple sexual partners 1. 5 times more likely to get a sexually transmitted disease, use drugs, or drink alcohol. What is particularly alarming about our findings is that we didnt find an association with just violence or one or two risky behaviors, says researcher Ralph J. Decremented, PhD, of Emory Universitys Rollins School of public Health.We found an association With a string of these behaviors. His study, published in the March issue of the American Journal of Public Health, only involved black girls living in Birmingham, Ala. ? all of whom were already sexually active. While the researchers surveyed viewing habits for various types of rap videos, gangs rap was by far the most popular among the girls practicing these destructive behaviors. We will write a custom essay sample on Rap as a Bad Influence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We wanted to focus on young, African American women, a population that is very vulnerable, Decremented tells WebMD. In these videos, men hold the rower and women dont and as a result, are subservient. Im not sure that the girls in our study were lashing out because of this, but more likely role- modeling the behaviors they see. The women in these videos are doing K, theyre hanging around with a man who is powerful, affluent, going to nice clubs and wearing nice clothes. For these girls, they may not be a bad thing. His team is currently expanding its research to investigate how these and other rap videos may influence behaviors across other racial, gender and socioeconomic lines.Although gangs rap videos depict tough inner-city street life, their largest viewing audience is white suburban youth, who have better access to cable television channels such as MAT and BET (Black Entertainment Television). Of course, this isnt the first time that rebellious music has been blamed for societys ills. From Elvis to Columbine, the songs of music-obsessed youth have often been blamed for anti-social behavior. But rap and in particular, the especially violent and sexually-explicit gangs variety has raised special concern.